iPhone battery and performance - Apple Support (2024)

Understand iPhone performance and its relationship to your battery.

Your iPhone is designed to be simple and easy to use. This is only possible through a combination of advanced technologies and advanced engineering. A key technology area is battery and performance. Batteries are a complex technology and a number of variables contribute to battery performance and related iPhone performance. All rechargeable batteries are consumables and have a limited lifespan. Eventually their capacity and performance will decline and they will need to be replaced. Learn about iPhone batteries and how battery aging can affect iPhone performance.

Over lithium-ionbatterijen

iPhone batteries use lithium-ion technology. Compared to older generations of battery technology, lithium-ion batteries charge faster, last longer and have higher current density for longer battery life in a lighter package. Rechargeable lithium-ion technology offers the best technology for your device today.Learn more about lithium-ion batteries.

How to maximize battery performance

“Battery time” is the amount of time a device runs before it needs to be charged. “Battery life” is the time a battery lasts until it needs to be replaced. One factor that affects battery life and longevity is the combination of things you do with your device. No matter how you use your device, there are ways to help. A battery's lifespan is related to its "chemical age," which is more than just the passage of time. It includes several factors such as the number of charging cycles and how it has been maintained.Follow these tipsto maximize battery performance and extend battery life. For example, keep the iPhone half charged if it is going to be stored for an extended period of time. Also, make sure not to charge iPhone for extended periods of time and leave it in a warm environment, including direct sunlight.

When batteries chemically age

All rechargeable batteries are consumable components that become less efficient as they chemically age.

As lithium-ion batteries chemically age, the amount of charge they can hold decreases, shortening the time before a device needs to be charged. This can be called the maximum capacity of the battery - a measure of the battery capacity compared to when it was new. In addition, a battery's ability to immediately deliver maximum performance, or "peak power," may decrease. For a phone to function properly, its electronics must be able to draw power immediately from the battery. One property that affects this instantaneous power supply is the impedance of the battery. A high impedance battery may not be able to supply enough power to the system that needs it. The impedance of a battery can increase as a battery has a higher chemical age. The impedance of a battery will temporarily increase at a low charge and in a low temperature environment. In combination with a higher chemical age, the impedance increase will be more significant. These are battery chemical characteristics common to all lithium-ion batteries in the industry.

When current is drawn from a battery with a higher impedance level, the battery voltage will drop further. Electronic components require a minimum voltage to function properly. This includes the device's internal storage, power circuitry, and the battery itself. The energy management system determines the battery's ability to provide this power and regulates loads to maintain operation. When operations can no longer be supported with the full capabilities of the power management system, the system will perform a shutdown to preserve these electronic components. While this shutdown is intentional from the device's perspective, it may be unexpected to the user.

Preventing unexpected shutdowns

You are more likely to experience unexpected shutdowns when your battery has a low charge, a higher chemical age, or when you are in colder temperatures. In extreme cases, shutdowns may occur more frequently, making the device unreliable or unusable. For iPhone 6, iPhone 6 Plus, iPhone 6s, iPhone 6s Plus, iPhone SE (1st generation), iPhone 7, and iPhone 7 Plus, iOS dynamically manages performance spikes to prevent unexpected device shutdowns so you can still use your iPhone . This performance management feature is specific to iPhone and does not apply to other Apple products. Starting with iOS 12.1, the iPhone 8, iPhone 8 Plus, and iPhone X include this feature; iPhone XS, iPhone XS Max, and iPhone XR include this feature starting with iOS 13.1.Learn more about performance management on iPhone 11 and later.

iPhone performance management works by looking at a combination of device temperature, battery charge status, and battery impedance. Only when these variables require it, iOS will dynamically check the maximum performance of some system components, such as the CPU and GPU, to prevent unexpected shutdowns. As a result, device workloads will balance themselves, allowing for a more even distribution of system tasks rather than large, rapid performance improvements all at once. In some cases, you may not notice any differences in device performance. The level of change observed depends on how much performance management is required for your device.

In cases where more extreme performance management is required, you may notice effects such as:

• Longer app launch times

• Lower frame rates while scrolling

• Dim backlight (can be overridden in Control Center)

• Reduce the speaker volume by a maximum of -3dB

• Gradual frame rate reduction in some apps

• In the most extreme cases, the camera flash is disabled, as visible in the camera user interface

• Apps that update in the background may need to be reloaded at startup

Many key areas are not affected by this performance management feature. Some of these include:

• Mobile call quality and network throughput performance

• Recorded photo and video quality

• GPS performance

• Location accuracy

• Sensors such as gyroscope, accelerometer, barometer

• Apple Pay

At low battery levels and colder temperatures, performance management changes are temporary. If a device's battery is sufficiently chemically aged, changes in performance management may be more permanent. This is because all rechargeable batteries are consumables and have a limited lifespan that will eventually need to be replaced. If you are affected by this and want to improve your device's performance, replacing your device's battery may help.

For iOS 11.3 and higher

iOS 11.3 and later improves performance management by periodically assessing the level of performance management needed to prevent unexpected shutdowns. If the battery condition can support the observed peak power requirements, the level of performance control is reduced. If an unexpected shutdown occurs again, performance management increases. This assessment is ongoing, allowing for more adaptive performance management.

iPhone 8 and later use an advanced hardware and software design that provides a more accurate estimate of both power consumption and battery capacity to maximize overall system performance. This allows iOS to more accurately predict and prevent an unexpected shutdown. As a result, the effects of performance management may be less noticeable on iPhone 8 and later. Over time, the rechargeable batteries in all iPhone models will decrease in capacity and peak performance and will eventually need to be replaced.

The maximum capacity of your battery

The Battery Status screen provides information about maximum battery capacity and maximum performance.

Maximum battery capacity measures the battery capacity of the device compared to when it was new. A battery will have a lower capacity as it chemically ages, which can result in fewer hours of use between charges. Depending on how much time passes between creating the iPhone and activating it, the battery capacity may turn out to be slightly less than 100 percent.

Batteries for iPhone 14 models and earlier are designed to retain 80 percent of their original capacity at 500 full charge cycles under ideal conditions.*Batteries for iPhone 15 models are designed to retain 80 percent of their original capacity at 1,000 full charge cycles under ideal conditions. . *For all models, the exact capacity percentage depends on how the devices are regularly used and charged. The one-year warranty (two-year warranty in Türkiye) includes service coverage for a defective battery, in addition to rights under local consumer law. If the warranty is out of warranty, Apple offers battery service for a fee.Learn more about charging cycles.

As your battery's health deteriorates, its ability to deliver peak performance may also diminish. The Battery Status screen contains a Peak Performance section where the following messages may appear.

Get extra help

If your device's performance has been affected by an old battery and you need help replacing the battery,contact Apple supportfor service options.

Learn more about battery service and recycling.

Recalibration of battery health reporting on iPhone 11, iPhone 11 Pro, and iPhone 11 Pro Max

iOS 14.5 and later includes an update to address inaccurate battery health estimates for some users. The battery health reporting system recalibrates maximum battery capacity and maximum performance on iPhone 11, iPhone 11 Pro, and iPhone 11 Pro Max.

Learn moreabout battery health reporting recalibration in iOS 14.5.

* When you use your iPhone, the battery goes through charging cycles. You complete a charge cycle when you have used an amount that represents 100 percent of your battery's capacity. A full charge cycle is normalized between 80 percent and 100 percent of initial capacity to account for the expected degradation of battery capacity over time.

Release date:March 7, 2024