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J Arc Nutrition Biochem.2014 June; 18 (2): 205–214.
Published online 2014 30 May. doi:10,5717/Side 2014.18 A
PMCID:PMC4241924
PMID:25566457
Language as Kisk,,1 Eun Sun Jung,,1 Chul-hyun kim,,2 Hyeon Youn,,3InHwa Rye Kim1,*
Authors information Article oots Copyright and License Information PMC -Liability Disclaimer
Abstract
[Goal]
The aim of this study was to investigate the association of body composition, flexibility and damage risk of genetic polymorphism, includingEsID card,Actn3Rx, inCol5a1Polymorphism at ballet dancers in Korea.
[Methods]
For the purpose of this study, Elite Ballerinas (N = 97) and normal female adults (N = 203) were recruited at 18 to 39 years, and these participants were tested for body weight, length, body fat, fat -free mass, flexibility, compensation forCollections and Gentropolymorphism (Es,,Actn3,,Col5a1Polymorphism).
[Results]
As resultsEsDD -Genotype in Ballerinas was associated with higher body fat and a percentage of body fat thenEsII and ID -Genotypes (S<0.05) .i the study ofActn3Polymorphism and ballerinas, xx genotype in ballerinas had a lower body weight and lower fat-free mass than the RR and RX-Genotype (p <0.005).Actn3XX -Genotype of Ballerinas than the RR and RX -Genotype of Ballerinas (S<0,05).S<0.05).In accordance with the ODD Ratio analysis, XX-genotype has the Ballerina damage risk on the ankle approximately 4.7 (95% BI: 1.6 ~ 13.4,S<0.05) more than RR and RX-Genotype Ballerinas.I meanwhileCol5a1Ballerinas Polymorphism is not related to factors, including flexibility and injury risks.
[Conclusion]
Finally,Espolymorphism oneActn3Polymorphism was associated with the performance capacity of Ballerinas;Col5a1were not associated with factors for the performance of ballerinas.EsDD -Genotype is associated with high body fat,Actn3XX genotype is associated with low fat-free mass, low flexibility and a higher risk of damage to the ankle joint.
Keyword:Ballet, flexibility, body composition, risk of damage,Es,,Actn3,,Col5a1
Introduction
Ballet is an art that expresses ideas and emotions with the movement of the body.32] .Isar requires advanced movements and expressions of ballet The deep and broad movement of weapons and legs, and their artistic expression uses hyperextension and excessive reach of the movement area.Under all the other physical request.3,,13,,22,,28].As a result, ballet dancers need a harmonic body composition, together with beautiful physical condition to perform artistic expressions with the movement of the body., to carry out ballet [3,,13,,22,,28].Activity factors can be determined by the genes received from the parent., determined by genetic factors, ballet performance would be determined by genetic factors with 35% or higher [[10,,23,,24,,26,,27].27,,28].There are insufficient reports of the genetic factors that can predict the ballet performance.Related genes, muscle strength and strength-related genes, endurance-related genes and damage-related genes are actively studied with the recent development of science and biotechnology.Can offer the information that can estimate and improve the ballet performance and prevent damage.11].Under the current well -known genes, a total of 120 candidate introduced nuisance with regard to physical capacity (cardior spiritative perseverance, muscle strength, muscle endurance, flexibility, body composition) [6,,14], However, most of them have a low predictability in terms of physical capacity andEsID -polomorfisme,Actn3TCol5a1Polymorphism is strongly presented as physical fitness related genes [15].SpecialEsId -polymorphism oneActn3RX polymorphism is said to be a characteristic of being able to predict body composition together with aerobic endurance and anaerobic muscle strength / power that is a conflicting phenotype [[2,,6,,14,,17,,19] and alsoCol5a1It has been reported that polymorphism is related to predicting joint injury together with flexibility by predicting rum (movement area) and physical performance based on endurance [1,,4,,7,,8] .S related to physical capacity such asEsID card,Actn3Rx,Col5a1Polymorphism -Genes have the potential to be related to the genetic physical capacity and damage of the dancer.
However, the genetic relationship to ballet dancers is not yet reported..
Methods
Study subjects
Ballet dancers and normal female adults were recruited for the study., Flexibility assessment and assessment of body composition for the purpose of the research.After the subject had changed in the test flap.Persons received the explanation for the target and the process with the study and permission was obtained for the research procedure before the study.
Research process
This study was conducted to find out the relationship between flexibility, body composition and damage risk of ballet dance and nuisance, and to achieve the target, suitable items were recruited that typical body composition, flexibility and damage of ballet dancers.Ballerinas with 3 years or longer experience with ballet performance with a minimum of university education and not known disease that can change body composition and the body.Illness was excluded by basic research.Completely understood the explanation.Research and injury -related test paper to empty body composition, posture -related disease, overall health, the level of stomach, water intake and exposure to dehydration.Tested using BIO -Electric Impedance -Analysis (BIA, S720, BiospEs, Korea).BIA test measured bioelectric impedance, while the subject is on an empty stomach and transmits electrical charge of hands to the feet.of 3 months.
Genetic polymorphism -analysis
Collection of blood and GDNA: For analysis of genetic polymorphism, genomic DNA was extracted from leukocytes using PUREGENE® DNA opening set (Catalog-D550, Gentra, US) .5 ~ 15 µl of GDNA was extracted from 300 µL Helblox.EsPolymorphism -Analysis: MGB TAQMAN® SNP -Genotypingassay -Method was used to analyzeEsID -Polymorphism (RS1799752) From the extracted GDNA.3 Species Primers and 2 types of probes, developed by Koch and others. (2005) was used for the analysis [12] .Nucleotide sequence is as follows.Es111: 5'-CCC-ATC-CTT-TCT-CCCC-TCT-C-3 ', primerEs112: 5'-AGC-TGG-AAT-AA-AGE-GGC-GAA-AC-3 'Es111: 5'-CCT-CCC-AAA-GTG-CTG-GGA-TTA-3 ', VIC-Es100: VIC-5’AGG-CGT-GAT-ACA-GTC-A-3'-MGB, FAM-Es100: Fam-5'TGC-TGC-CYCYCTA-TAC-tag-ca-3'mgb.i AllelsEsID -Polymorphism was reinforced byEs111 (Vooruit),Es112 (vice versa) and Vic -Probe under the aforementioned primer and probe and d –allel were reinforced byEs111 (Vooruit),Es113 (Reverse) and Fam -PROBE.GEN GHEN WAS OUT MASTERING MASTER BLEND AT TAQMAN -GENTYEAKSAY with GDNA 10 ~ 50 NG, 150 Pmol Primer, 150 NM VIC VIC -PROBE, 50 NM FAM -Probe and reinforcement with ABI 7900HT(Applied Biosystems Incoperate, U.S.A) For denaturation at 92 ℃ to 15 seconds for glowing and expansion at 57 ℃ for 1 minute in 35 cycles and then the type of gene was attached.
Actn3R577X Polymorphism Manalysis: MGB TAQMAN® SNP -GenotypeAssay -Metode was used to analyzeActn3R577X Polymorphism (RS1815739) from the extracted GDNA to the primer to more than time consistency obtained from Genbank.Nucleotide sequence is as follows.Fraft: 5'acg-ATC-TCA-AGG-GGC-AAC-ACT-3 ', Reverse: 5'-ACC-CCTG-Gat-GCC-CAT-G-3 ', VIC (R-All-Specific Probe): 5'-TCG-CTC-TCG-GTC-CCA-TGA-TG-3'mgb, FAM (X-allel-specific probe): 5'TCG-CTC-TCG-GTC-AGC-3'MGB.GEN Application is made by Master-Mailing to Taqman-GenotypeAssay with GDNA 10 ~ 50 NG, 150 pmol Primer, 70 Nm Vic Probe, 70 NM FAM-Probe and reinforcement with ABI 7900HT (Applied Biosystem Incoperate, U.S.A) forDenaturation at 92 ℃ to 15 seconds for glowing and expansion at 57 ℃ for 1 minute with 40 cycles and then the type of gene was attached.
Flexibility tests
The flexibility of dancers was assessed by Sit & Reach method and SRL methods (Passive Strait Bone).of the joints was assessed.
Data processing method
Data is made up of the collected test results from August 2010 to September 2010 in the form that makes data entry and analysis possible.Es,,Actn3InCol5a1Genotype distributions were reached in the event of frequency and percentage of the data from this study.HWE (Hardy-Weerger Light Weight) and the difference in distribution between groups was tested with the help of cross analysis (χ2)., the fish test was carried out of accuracy.The difference verification of the measured values for the ballet dancer group and the control group were performed by independent T-test and the difference between physical capacity and body composition based on the type of gene was obtained by one-way variant analysis.-Way verification) and SPSS 13.0 Statistic package was used for all analysis.
Result
General properties of ballet dancers and normal adults
Table 1are the general characteristics of 97 ballet dancers and 203 normal female adults.S<0.05) .isar with regard to the body composition was FFM and FFMI lower compared to the control group, and FM, FMI and PBF were significantly lower than the control group (S<0.05).BMI with body size and weight was also considerably lower with ballet dancers compared to the control group (S<0,05).S<0,05).
Table 1.
Female ballet dancers and the general properties of the control group
| Balletdansers (n = 97) | The control group (n = 203) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average ± SD | Reach | Average ± SD | Reach | |
| Age (years) | 20,9 ± 2,4*** | 18 ~ 37 | 25,3 ± 4,4 | 18 ~ 39 |
| Height (cm) | 163,4 ± 4,0*** | 154.0 ~ 175.2 | 157,0 ± 5,5 | 140.1 ~ 179.3 |
| Weight (KG) | 51,2 ± 4,7*** | 40,8 ~ 65,5 | 57,3 ± 6,8 | 38,7 ~ 79,2 |
| FFM (kg) | 38,0 ± 3,0*** | 32.2 ~ 47.3 | 39,3 ± 4,3 | 29.0 ~ 54.0 |
| FM (kg) | 13,2 ± 2,7*** | 7.0 ~ 22.0 | 18,0 ± 5,2 | 7.0 ~ 36.0 |
| Ffmi (kg/m2)) | 14,2 ± 1,0*** | 12.4 ~ 17.1 | 15,9 ± 1,5 | 13.1 ~ 20.7 |
| FMI (kg/m2)) | 5,0 ± 1,0*** | 2.9 ~ 7.9 | 7,3 ± 2,2 | 2.9 ~ 14.9 |
| BMI (kg/m2)) | 19,2 ± 1,6*** | 16.2 ~ 23.9 | 23,3 ± 2,8 | 17.0 ~ 32.5 |
| PBF (%) | 25,7 ± 3,6*** | 16.0 ~ 36.0 | 30,1 ± 6,4 | 15.0 ~ 51.1 |
| Lace and now (cm) | 26,8 ± 4,0*** | 12.0 ~ 36.2 | 15,5 ± 8,6 | -10.0 ~ 31.0 |
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FFM: Fedtfri Masse (FFM), FM: Fat Mass (FM), FFMI: Fat-Free Mass Index (FFMI), FMI: Fat Mass Index (FMI), BMI: Body Mass Index (BMI), PBF: ProcentDelaf Kropsfedt (PBF),
***Significant difference betweenS<0,001.
Distribution ofEsID card,Actn3InCol5a1Genetic polymorphism in ballet dancers
Case vs.studie for control group was used to find a connection between flexibility, body composition, compensation and gene of ballet dancers.For this purpose, the distribution of any genetic polymorphism was confirmed with normal adults as shown in <Table 2>.EsID -Polymorphism Distribution of female ballet dancers were met the state of HWE (F = 0.057, DF = 1,S> 0.10) and the control group was also met the state of HWE (F = 0.074, DF = 1,S> 0.01).This was no difference betweenEsID -Polymorphism Distribution between 2 groups as shown with F = 1.488, DF = 2,S= 0.475 of cross analysis of 2 groups on the type of genes fromEsTo suggest.Actn3RX -Polymorphism's distribution of female ballet dancers met the state of HWE (F = 1,314, DF = 1,S> 0.10) and the control group also met the condition of HWE (F = 2.026, DF = 1,S> 0,01).Actn3Rx -Genotype Viste F = 2.935, DF = 2,S= 0.230, and the difference in difference between allele showed f = 2.407, df = 2,S= 0.121.With such a result, the difference between genotype and allele of 2 groups was not confirmed and that is why we could not conclude thatActn3RX polymorphism has a special distribution for ballet.Col5a1Distribution of polymorphism met the state of HWE for both 2 groups (ballet dancers: F = 0.328, DF = 1,S> 0.10;The control group: F = 1,065, DF = 1,S> 0.01).Inland, representativeness of genetic distribution of 2 groups were confirmed, so an analysis of the genetic difference of 2 groups was possible.1,070, df = 2,S= 0.586 and there was no difference between cola51 polymorphism distribution of 2 groups.S= 0.996).
Table 2.
Balletdansers'EsID card,Actn3,,Col5a1Genetic polymorphism distribution
| Balletdansers (n = 97) | Check (n = 203) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Es | II | ID card | DD | II | ID card | DD | S-value | |||
| 29 (29,9%) | 47 (49,3%) | 21 (21,6%) | 70 (34,5%) | 100 (49,3%) | 33 (16,3%) | .475 | ||||
| Genotype | Actn3 | RR | RX | Xx | RR | RX | Xx | S-value | ||
| 19 (19,6%) | 54 (55,7%) | 24 (24,7%) | 58 (28,6%) | 104 (51,2%) | 41 (20,2%) | .230 | ||||
| Col5a1 | TT | TC | CC | TT | TC | CC | S-value | |||
| 4 (4,1%) | 36 (37,1%) | 57 (58,8%) | 13 (6,4%) | 66 (32,5%) | 124 (61,1%) | .586 | ||||
| Es | Me aller | D allel | Me aller | D allel | S-value | |||||
| 105 (54,1%) | 89 (45,9%) | 240 (59,1%) | 166 (40,9%) | .252 | ||||||
| Allele | Actn3 | R allel | 10 allele | R allel | 10 allele | S-value | ||||
| 92 (47,4%) | 102 (52,6%) | 220 (54,2%) | 186 (45,8%) | .121 | ||||||
| Col5a1 | T Allel | C allel | T Allel | C allel | S-value | |||||
| 44 (22,7%) | 150 (77,3%) | 92 (22,7%) | 314 (77,3%) | .996 | ||||||
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Body composition distribution of ballet dancers based onEsID card,Actn3,,Col5a1Genetic polymorphism
After comparing the body composition of ballet dancers with normal adults, the difference between body composition within genetic polymorphism of ballet dancers was analyzed as <Table 3>.Ballet dancers had considerably lower score, not only for the FM ratio and FM, but also FFM compared to the control group of women of the same age.EsDD -Genotype Ballet dancers had higher PBF and FM compared toEsII Genotype when comparing the body composition of ballet dancers pergenotype.On the other hand, there was no difference between FFM for ballet dancersEsThe genotype of polymorphism.Actn3Genotyping.On the other hand, there was no difference in body compositionCol5a1Genetic polymorphism.
Table 3.
Ballet Dancer's body composition based onEsID card,Actn3,,Col5a1polymorphism
| Balletdansers (n = 97) | Check (n = 203) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| III (n = 29) | Id (n = 47) | DD (n = 21) | I (n = 54) | Id (n = 76) | DD (n = 21) | |
| PBF (%) | 24,6 ± 3,9in* | 26,0 ± 3,2aab* | 26,6 ± 3,8B* | 30,1 ± 6,4 | 31,1 ± 6,3 | 31,1 ± 7,0 |
| Bf (kg) | 12,7 ± 2,9in* | 13,2 ± 2,4AB* | 14,1 ± 3,0B* | 18,1 ± 5,2 | 18,0 ± 5,0 | 18,0 ± 6,3 |
| FFM (kg) | 38,5 ± 3,3* | 37,4 ± 2,7* | 38,6 ± 3,1* | 39,5 ± 3,8 | 39,4 ± 4,6 | 38,9 ± 4,6 |
| FMI (kg) | 4,7 ± 1,0in* | 5,0 ± 0,9AB* | 5,3 ± 1,1B* | 7,3 ± 2,2 | 7,3 ± 2,2 | 7,3 ± 2,6 |
| FFMI (kg) | 14,3 ± 1,0* | 14,1 ± 1,0* | 14,5 ± 1,0* | 16,0 ± 1,4 | 16,0 ± 1,6 | 15,7 ± 1,3 |
| RR (n = 19) | RX (n = 54) | Xx (n = 24) | RR (n = 45) | RX (n = 80) | Xx (n = 26) | |
| PBF (%) | 26,2 ± 4,1* | 26,2 ± 3,1* | 25,3 ± 3,6* | 30,5 ± 6,6 | 31,4 ± 6,4 | 30,9 ± 6,4 |
| Bf (kg) | 13,7 ± 2,9* | 13,9 ± 2,7* | 12,8 ± 2,6* | 17,9 ± 5,2 | 18,3 ± 5,2 | 17,6 ± 5,5 |
| FFM (kg) | 38,4 ± 3,1* | 38,9 ± 3,2* | 37,4 ± 2,8* | 40,1 ± 4,7 | 39,1 ± 4,0 | 38,8 ± 4,6 |
| FMI (kg) | 5,1 ± 1,1* | 5,2 ± 0,9* | 4,8 ± 1,0* | 7,2 ± 2,2 | 7,5 ± 2,2 | 7,1 ± 2,3 |
| FFMI (kg) | 14,2 ± 1,1AB* | 14,6 ± 0,9B* | 14,1 ± 0,9in* | 16,1 ± 1,5 | 15,9 ± 1,4 | 15,7 ± 1,8 |
| TT (n = 4) | TC (n = 36) | CC (n = 57) | TT (n = 13) | TC (n = 66) | CC (n = 124) | |
| PBF (%) | 25,7 ± 1,0 | 25,7 ± 3,3* | 25,7 ± 3,9* | 27,8 ± 6,4 | 31,7 ± 6,7 | 30,9 ± 6,3 |
| Bf (kg) | 13,0 ± 1,6 | 13,3 ± 2,3* | 13,2 ± 3,0* | 16,9 ± 3,8 | 18,4 ± 5,3 | 17,9 ± 5,3 |
| FFM (kg) | 37,3 ± 2,3* | 38,3 ± 3,2* | 37,9 ± 2,9* | 43,8 ± 4,3 | 38,9 ± 4,1 | 39,4 ± 4,4 |
| FMI (kg) | 5,1 ± 0,7* | 4,9 ± 0,9* | 5,0 ± 1,1* | 6,9 ± 1,4 | 7,6 ± 2,4 | 7,3 ± 2,2 |
| FFMI (kg) | 14,6 ± 1,5* | 14,2 ± 1,0* | 14,2 ± 1,0* | 18,0 ± 2,4 | 15,9 ± 1,5 | 15,9 ± 1,5 |
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Bf = body fat, ffm = fat -free mass, fmi = fat mass -index, ffmi = fat -free mass -index;S<0,05).
SuperScript A, B, C Follow the order from lower to higher score (A
*= Statistically significant difference (S<0.05) From the variable results of the genotype of normal adults
Flexibility with ballet dancers based onEsID card,Actn3,,Col5a1Genetic polymorphism
The difference between flexibility between normal adults and ballet dancers was confirmed to analyze the genetic difference in flexibility among ballet dancers.Table 4>, ballet dancers showed considerably more developed flexibility compared to the normal adults of all pleasure types.Espolymorphism and flexibilityCol5a1From the result of difference analysis of genetic genotype of ballet dancers.But xx -genotype ofActn3Gen showed a significantly lower flexibility compared to genotype with R - Allel.
Table 4.
Flexibility based onEsID card,Actn3,,Col5a1Polymorphism by ballet dancers
| Balletdansers (n = 97) | Check (n = 203) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| III (n = 29) | Id (n = 47) | DD (n = 21) | I (n = 54) | Id (n = 76) | DD (n = 21) | |
| Lace and now (cm) | 27,4 ± 2,6* | 26,8 ± 4,5* | 25,7 ± 4,5* | 16,8 ± 7,2 | 15,5 ± 9,0 | 11,9 ± 9,9 |
| SRL-right flexia (°) | 105 ± 12 | 109 ± 11 | 106 ± 12 | - | - | - |
| SRL rights text (°) | 104 ± 12 | 106 ± 12 | 100 ± 10 | - | - | - |
| SRL-VenStre-Flexie (°) | 26 ± 10 | 27 ± 7 | 25 ± 6 | - | - | - |
| SRL rights text (°) | 30 ± 9 | 30 ± 7 | 29 ± 6 | - | - | - |
| RR (n = 19) | RX (n = 54) | Xx (n = 24) | RR (n = 45) | RX (n = 80) | Xx (n = 26) | |
| Lace and now (cm) | 27,5 ± 2,9B* | 27,2 ± 4,3B* | 25,1 ± 3,9in* | 15,8 ± 7,6 | 15,9 ± 9,5 | 14,8 ± 7,7 |
| SRL-right flexia (°) | 107 ± 8,1 | 107 ± 11 | 107 ± 14 | - | - | - |
| SRL-Legnest-Expects (°) | 105 ± 11 | 104 ± 11 | 101 ± 13 | - | - | - |
| SRL-right flexia (°) | 25 ± 7 | 27 ± 7 | 25 ± 8 | - | - | - |
| SRL-Legnest-Expects (°) | 29 ± 4 | 31 ± 8 | 28 ± 6,9 | - | - | - |
| TT (n = 4) | TC (n = 36) | CC (n = 57) | TT (n = 13) | TC (n = 66) | CC (n = 124) | |
| Lace and now (cm) | 22,5 ± 5,5* | 26,4 ± 3,8* | 27,3 ± 3,9* | 18,5 ± 6,1 | 15,4 ± 8,6 | 15,9 ± 8,6 |
| SRL-right flexia (°) | 106 ± 12 | 105 ± 14 | 108 ± 9 | - | - | - |
| SRL rights text (°) | 102 ± 18 | 102 ± 14 | 105 ± 10 | - | - | - |
| SRL-VenStre-Flexie (°) | 23 ± 2 | 25 ± 9 | 27 ± 7 | - | - | - |
| SRL rights text (°) | 25 ± 4 | 29 ± 8 | 27 ± 7 | - | - | - |
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Various writings of heads between groups mean the marked difference (S<0.05) between genotypes in the group.
SuperScript A, B, C Follow the order of lower to higher score of variables (A
*= Statistically significant difference (S<0.05) from the variable results of the genotype of normal adults.
Damage risk of ballet dancers based onEsID card,Actn3,,Col5a1Genetic polymorphism
The risk rally of ballet dancers was assessed to analyze the risk of injury to ballet dancers.The appearance was based on genotype.Table 5>.There was no significant difference in damage due to all pleasure types, but the only exception was the injury rate of the ankle ofActn3Genotype that was higher in XX -genotype.Actn3Xx -genotype was obtained with opportunities circ*mstances,Actn3XX -Genotype was considerably higher than 4.65 timesActn3RR+RX -Genotype with regard to injury risk for the ankle as shown in <Table 6>.
Table 5.
Damage risk based onEsID card,Actn3,,Col5a1Polymorphism by ballet dancers
| Case (Damage) | Check (normal) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| II | ID card | DD | II | ID card | DD | S-value | |
| Backache | 7 (24,1%) | 13 (27,7%) | 3 (14,3%) | 22 (75,9%) | 34 (72,3%) | 18 (85,7%) | .487 |
| size | 10 (34,5%) | 15 (31,9%) | 7 (33,3%) | 19 (65,5%) | 32 (68,1%) | 14 (66,7%) | .973 |
| the stream | 5 (17,2%) | 8 (17,0%) | 3 (14,3%) | 24 (82,8%) | 39 (83,0%) | 18 (85,7%) | .953 |
| knee | 11 (37,9%) | 13 (27,7%) | 6 (28,6%) | 18 (62,1%) | 34 (72,3%) | 15 (71,4%) | .620 |
| single | 19 (65,5%) | 35 (74,5%) | 10 (47,6%) | 10 (34,5%) | 12 (25,5%) | 11 (52,4%) | .097 |
| RR | RX | Xx | RR | RX | Xx | S-value | |
| Backache | 4 (17,4%) | 15 (65,6%) | 4 (17,4%) | 15 (20,3%) | 39 (52,7%) | 20 (27,0%) | .542 |
| size | 8 (25,0%) | 16 (50,0%) | 8 (25,0%) | 11 (16,9%) | 38 (58,5%) | 16 (24,5%) | .609 |
| the stream | 3 (15,8%) | 9 (16,7%) | 4 (16,7%) | 16 (84,2%) | 45 (83,3%) | 20 (83,3%) | .996 |
| knee | 7 (36,8%) | 14 (25,9%) | 9 (37,5%) | 12 (63,2%) | 40 (74,1%) | 15 (62,5%) | .498 |
| single | 7 (36,8%) | 39 (72,2%) | 75 (75,0%) | 12 (63,2%) | 15 (27,8%) | 6 (25,0%) | .011 |
| TT | TC | CC | TT | TC | CC | S-value | |
| Backache | 0 (0,0%) | 9 (69,2%) | 4 (30,8%) | 4 (5,4%) | 27 (36,5%) | 43 (58,1%) | .522 |
| size | 1 (25,0%) | 13 (36,1%) | 18 68,4 (%) | 3 (75,0%) | 23 (36,1%) | 39 (68,4%) | .498 |
| the stream | 1 (25,0%) | 7 (19,4%) | 8 (14,0%) | 3 (75,0%) | 29 (80,6%) | 48 (86,0%) | .668 |
| knee | 0 (0,0%) | 12 (33,3%) | 18 (31,6%) | 4 (100%) | 24 (66,8%) | 39 (68,4%) | .387 |
| single | 4 (6,3%) | 24 (37,5%) | 36 (56.2) | 0 (0,0%) | 12 (36,4%) | 21 (63,6%) | .320 |
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Table 6.
Only arjures strange circ*mstances based onActn3Rx -Polymorphism of ballet dancers
| Genotype | Statistical value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR | RX+XX | OF | F value | DF | S-value | |
| ankle injury | 7 (36,8%) | 57 (73.1) | 4.652 | 8.937 | 1 | 0,003 |
| Normal | 12 (63,2%) | 12 (26,9%) | (CI: 1.6 ~ 13.4) | |||
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DISCUSSION
Ballet uses developed flexibility and slim appearance to express activities with high intensity when using the body to express art.Environment and genetic factors influence such properties of ballet dancers.This study was designed to find genes related to the characteristics of the ballets.Ballet Performance Ballet Performance with a slim look.For the first step,EsID -polomorfisme,Actn3TCol5a1Polymorphism was selected as a candidate nuisance related to ballet.And we took itEsID -polomorfisme,Actn3TCol5a1Polymorphism was the related genes for successful ballet performance.These genes were also hired as the genes related to damage.[[1,,4,,6,,14,,15,,21].We have tried to find out whether these physical capacity and injury -related genes are related to ballet dancers.Group and the control group from the result of comparing the distribution of each gene by the research design.EsDD -Genotype Ballerinas had a genetic relationship with having higher PBF and FM ofEsGene.A mechanism can be explained from previous studies that when the activity ofEsProtein is high, fat accumulation is increasing and it becomes a risk factor for obesity [18,,31].HighEsActivity brings the change of angiotensin I and angiotensin II on race (renin angiotensine system) and therefore maintains a high level of blood and tissue activity [34] .Isar level of angiotensin II, which is not only circuit breed, but also the current tissue that is high fat tissue, increases the fat accumulation and mobilization of blood flow and was therefore reported as a risk factor to increase blood pressure [[5,,29,,30].EsThe level was very related to BMI and increasedEsActivity of fatty tissue in animals had caused the accumulation of subcutaneous fat and visceral fat [5,,9,,29,,30,,34].Therefore,EsDD Genotype In this study can be related to the mechanism that induces high PBF and FM by having increased angiotensin II because of 2 ~ 3 times high activity onEs, on fatty tissue.EsDD -Genotype can easily have higher PBF and FM.EsProtein has a high activity, it increases fat accumulation and subsequent diabetes, ballet dancers prefer a slim appearance with small FM and FFM, and in this case ballet dancers of DD -Genotype can have genetic problems in terms of less FM [[18,,20,,31]. And, in view of such a result, it is estimated that a better strategy will be needed for ballet dancer withEsDD -Genotype to prevent fat accumulation.Our study can indicate that extra aerobic exercises are needed apart from dance to promote the oxidation of fat to reduce the accumulation of fat.Actn3Polymorphism of ballet dancers were related.Xx -genotype in betweenActn3Genotypes (RR, RX, XX) had a low weight and it took place because FFM was considerably lower from fat and FFM composed weight.And XX -genotype ballerinas with low FFM had a relatively low flexibility and risk of damage with a high ankle.Actn3Gene is a gene that brings A-actinin-3 to expression consisting of myomers of rapid muscle and RR and RX-Genotype ofActn3Polymorphism brings A-Actinin-3 to expression, but XX-genotype is a genotype that stops the expression [17.20.25,].-Actinin-3 is not expressed, A-Actinin-2 is expressed instead and rapid muscle becomes the characteristic of slow muscles [16,17,20,25,].
That is why high power can be achieved through genetic capacity based onActn3Genotype together with endurance and in some studies the FFM level came out differently because of the adapted muscle form [17,,20,,25,,31].Actn3was originally discovered, xx-genotype was considered a gene related to hereditary muscle disease because there was no expression of A-actinin-3 [[20,,25], but from the studies, it then revealed that even there was no expression of A-actinin-3 in fast muscle, A-Actinin-2 would be expressed in a rapid muscle instead and there was no connection with muscle disease [[20,,25,,31].But when A-Actnin-2 was expressed instead of A-Actinin-3 in fast muscles, contractility and size of muscle fiber were reduced, and also cell metabolism, which benefits from endurance, was developed [was developed [was developed [15,,16,,17].Related to a mechanism that can bring the fall into FFM and possibly also bring excessive burden to fast muscles with physical activities that require powerful action at a quick moment, such as in sports games or ballet and therefore as a result, muscle strength for the wider row ofCommon movement has been reduced and it may therefore be limited to the evolution of flexibility.To the increase in the skeletal muscle.Actn3Genotype that no A-Actinin-3 in fast muscle can expression, to develop flexibility and also to prevent damage to damage, together with improving ballet performance with muscle-strength increasing program.Intensity performance, ballet dancers with XX genotype should be more careful.This study could be the hypothesis, toCol5a1Polymorphism is a gene related to ballet and it can predict high flexibility and injury.But the research result showed that there was no difference in genetic distribution between ballet dancers and the control group and also genetic relationship when flexibility and injury level pergenotype of ballet dancers were analyzed.Col5a1Gene does not apply to Koreans, because the earlier studies were conducted on the Caucasian population.Col5a1of ballet dancers or normal adults (the control group) in this study showed various genetic distribution compared to genetic distribution ofCol5a1In the white population.Col5a1Distribution was generated on the basis of the characteristics of the Koreans and it would be difficult to use the result of the white population for Koreans.Col5a1Genetic polymorphism was relative to flexibility and ankle injury among the Koreans who are contrary to the investigations into the white population.Actn3Gen must be studied in detail for future studies with intervention programs and prospective studies.
Conclusion
From the result of this studyEsDd -genotype vanEsID -Polymorphism was related to higher PBF for ballet dancers andActn3Xx -Genotype vanActn3RX polymorphism was related to low FFM and flexibility for ballet dancers.Actn3Gene came out as a gene related to injury when they check the genes that may be related to injury and people withActn3The XX genotype has a 4 times higher risk of ankle squad under the ballet compared to the people with different genotypes.
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Articles ofJournal of Oefening Nutrition & BiochemistryDelivered here with permission fromKorean society for training food
