Fruit trees need water to form and nourish fruit. When water is scarce, there are some actions that can be taken to help your trees survive the drought.
With less moisture, trees grow more slowly and the fruits are smaller. Under the harshest conditions, leaves will wither, burn and trees may die.
During periods of prolonged drought, trees are less affected if they are watered early in the season, as they grow new shoots, flower and set fruit. As dry conditions persist, it helps to remove most or all of the fruit and thin out the remaining fruit. Summer pruning by thinning and topping branches after leaves develop also helps reduce water use.
Preventive care
- Water deeply once a week or less, depending on the density of the soil, when the soil begins to dry out. Most roots are in the top 1-2 feet of soil. Maintenance of moisture which ensures the best performance of the wood. Examine the soil to maintain moisture in this active root zone. There are few roots that reach deeper.
- Mulch your trees to conserve moisture, but keep the mulch at least 6 inches. away from the tribe. Water thoroughly before mowing.
- Thin fruit on your tree. Thinning fruit saves 20-30% water and helps develop the remaining fruit. Late season moisture stress can limit fruit size but tends to improve fruit flavor because the sugar in the fruit is concentrated.
- In the event of a major heat wave, you can try to protect your trees with umbrellas and/or shade cloths during the hottest part of the day.
Drought tolerance of common fruit trees
- Almonds, figs and olives are the most drought tolerant.
- Apples, cherries, apricots, pears and plums are somewhat drought tolerant.
- Nectarines, peaches and citrus fruits need sufficient water to survive.
Additional Resources:
- A short video aboutThinning apple trees
- Drought control for vegetables, fruit trees and berries(UCCE Sonoma County)
augustus 2022
