From the College Board
👀 Development of understanding this device
According to the College Board: "Some psychologists focus on how people and other animals learn 📚, and how some experiences can lead to changes in behavior and mental processes. Because the learning process requires both physiological and psychological processes to work together 🧠"The previous two earlier devices provide the basis of this device.
Many psychologists who learn to study, focus on perceptible behavior 👀 and how this behavior can be changed or strengthened. "
🔎 Indicative questions
How do we learn?
How do our experiences influence our behavior and mental processes?
Introduction
Although learning is often associated with memory, it refers to learning or behavior in the AP Psychology Reading Plan.In general, the unit contains three different types of learning: ,, And.
Does it mean reflexive behavior that is in response to an environmental stimulus.
Focuses on voluntary or largely verifiable behavior, followed by an environmental reaction that usually means that something is given or removes something that changes the chance of behavior.
Refers to behavior that is taught by modeling someone else's behavior (or something).
About 7-9% of the exam is on this device!
Main facts
🤓 Psychologists to know
Psychologist known for his 🤡 In this study, children was on a film of an adult who hit an inflatable Bobo -Doll..
Russian scientist, who is known for his work with the reflexive answers of dogs 🐕 his research laid the foundation.
Poison with permission fromGiphy.
Rescorla's research was aimed at what has shown that not everyone results in conditioning.
For example, if a researcher tries to condition a person to spit until the sound of the tone 🎶, but the participant thinks it was a piece of clothing 👕 The experimenter was wearing the reaction, the participant can show conditioning to the shirt👕 and not theToon 🎶.
Thorongs are known to the person who suggests that behavior will be strengthened with a favorable result, while behavior will be weakened by an unfavorable consequence.
Tolman is known for.Han work with rat -Labyrinths 🐀 revealed that rats learned by going the maze, although it was not immediately clear.on time .
However, when they received the reward, the following attempts showed a clear decrease in time, indicating that they had a mental representation or the maze.
Watson was an early 20th -century behavioral man who proved that fear could be taught.all shake things.
Poison with permission fromGiphy.
Garcia showed that there are biological limitations for conditioning.Internal body processes, such as nausea,, for example, experience more easily conditioned by stimuli, such as tastes that occur specifically in the body.
External physical experiences, such as the feeling of pain, are more easily conditioned by external stimuli such as a tone or light that manifests itself outside the body.This conditioning is a specific use of this effect that people are easily conditioned by a taste as a taste It is closely associated with our survival.
📝 Vocabulary
Acquisition: In psychology, acquisition refers to the first phase of learning or conditioning.
Albert Bandura: Albert Bandura is a famous psychologist who is known for his social learning theory who emphasizes the importance of learning observation, imitation and modeling.
Bobo Doll Experiment: The Bobo Doll experiment was performed by Albert Bandura in 1961 and 1963 to study behavioral patterns associated with aggression..
Classic conditioning: Classic conditioning is a learning process in which an association is made between a rather neutral stimulus and a stimulus that naturally causes an answer.
Cognitive short: A cognitive card is a mental representation or an image of the layout of someone's physical environment.
Conditional response: A conditioned reaction is a learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus that occurs as a result of earlier conditioning.
Conditioned stimulans: A conditioned stimulus is rather neutral stimulus, which, after being associated with the unconditional stimulus, will eventually cause a conditioned reaction.
Rebatie model for conditioning: The contingency model for conditioning is to learn to perform, there must be a reliable correlation or "willingness" between the conditioned and unconditional stimuli..
Edward Lee Thorndike: Edward Lee Thorndike was an American psychologist who is best known for his work with learning theory.
Edward Tolman: Edward Tolman was an American psychologist who developed a cognitive view of learning that became known as latent learning.
Exhibition: In psychology, extinction refers to the gradual weakening and any disappearance of a conditional reaction.
Quick Interval: A fixed range is a schedule for reinforcement where the first reaction is only rewarded after a certain period has expired.
Permanent relationship: A fixed relationship plan is a reinforcement system in operant conditioning, whereby a reaction is only strengthened after a certain number of answers.
GARCIA -Effect: The Garcia effect, also known as conditioned taste, refers to the development of a strong correlation between a certain food and disease or discomfort.
Learn insight: Insight Learning is a form of cognitive learning where animals or people solve a problem with the help of a sudden understanding or realization instead of tests and errors.
Ivan Pavlov: Ivan Pavlov was a Russian physiologist who was known for his work in classic conditioning, where he trained dogs to spit on the sound of a bell by connecting it to food.
John B Watson: John B Watson was an American psychologist who founded the psychological school of behavioral schools and focused on perceptible behavior instead of internal thoughts or feelings.
John Garcia: John Garcia was a psychologist known for her research into Tasteaversion, which shows that some types are organically prepared to make certain associations, which led to the development of the Garcia effect.
Latent learning: Latent learning is a kind of learning that arises without any clear reinforcement and is not demonstrated until there is an incentive to do this.
Effects: The Power Act is a psychological principle obtained by Edward Thorstine compounds with the situation becomes weaker.
Little Albert -Experiment: The Little Albert experiment was a famous psychology study conducted by John Watson and Rosalie Rayner.A small child, Albert, to fear a white rat.
Model: In psychology, the model refers to a person whose behavior serves as an example (positive or negative) for others.
Neutral stimulans: A neutral stimulus is something in our environment that does not produce an automatic reaction until we learn to connect it with another stimulus.
Learning observation: Learning observation happens when a person learns by seeing others and then mimics his behavior.
Operante Conditionering: Operant conditioning is a kind of learning where behavior is arranged due to consequences.
Punishment: Punishment is a process that reduces the chance of a behavior that repeats itself by applying an unpleasant stimulus after the behavior.
Strengthening: Reinforcement is a consequence that reinforces or increases the chance of a behavior by giving a desirable result or removing an unwanted one.
Robert Rescorla: Robert Rescorla is a famous psychologist who is best known for his work in classic conditioning, especially the emergency model to learn.
Spontaneous improvement: Spontaneous recovery refers to the reinfatitation of a previously expanded conditioned response after some time passed without exposure to the conditioned stimulus.
Stimulus discrimination: Stimulus discrimination is the ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and other stimuli that are not combined with an unconditional stimulus.
Stimulus generalization: Stimulus generation includes the transfer of a learned reaction from one stimulus to another, similar stimulus.
Stimulus-perren: Stimulus response savings refer to the process in which a reaction is associated with a certain stimulus by classic or operant conditioning.
Unconditional answer: An unconditional reaction is a natural, automatic response to an unconditional stimulus.
Unconditional stimulans: An unconditional stimulus is something that naturally activates an answer.
Variabel achieved: A variable range is a schedule for reinforcement where a reaction is rewarded after an unpredictable time has expired.
Variable relationship: In psychology, variable family members refer to the provision of reinforcements based on an unpredictable number of answers.
